Of course this only prevents the USB host, you'd have to disable all USB-gadget daemons on your android phone to not have the charger tinker with the phones's data.
NOTE/added: I just realized that the main purpose this is marketed is to protect the phone's data. I'd me more worried about the computer if someone asks me to lend some juice...
https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/usb/authorization.t...
Of course this only prevents the USB host, you'd have to disable all USB-gadget daemons on your android phone to not have the charger tinker with the phones's data.
NOTE/added: I just realized that the main purpose this is marketed is to protect the phone's data. I'd me more worried about the computer if someone asks me to lend some juice...